Urolithiasis has an endemic pattern in developing countries, including ours. The aims of this study were to retrospectively assess the demographic aspects of our patients with urolithiasis, to review associated structural urinary system anomalies and metabolic factors and to evaluate the management strategies. Thirty seven patients with urolithiasis followed at our clinic were, thus, retrospectively analyzed. There was no significant difference among the patients with respect to gender (51.3% female, 48.6% male). Mean age of the patients was 7.2 years (range 3 to 12). Structural urinary system anomalies were detected in 5 (13.5%) of the patients. Of the predisposing factors, metabolic conditions, although statistically insignificant, were the most common (in 17 patients, 45.9%). Interventional therapeutic procedures were performed in 4 (10.8%) patients (nephrolithotomy in two patients, pyelolithotomy in one patient and ureterolithotomy in one patient). The other patients were controlled by medical treatment and metaphylaxis planned according to the metabolic test results. Recurrence rate of the disease was 2.7%. Our findings were in correlation with the literature except for the decreased incidence of associated anatomical anomalies. We conclude that metaphylactic measures and metabolic analyses were sufficient in the management of most of our pediatric patients with urolithiasis.

Keywords: Demographic features, pediatric urolithiasis, predisposing factors, management